Design and cognitive evaluation of 6 dynamic lane departure warning symbols

Objective: Lane departure, caused by inattention, distraction, drowsiness, or any unusual driver behavior, is a typical risk threatening the driver as well as other road users. Accurate perception of such situations through effective warnings would help drivers to avoid serious consequences. With regard to critical functions of warning symbols for risk communication, the present study focused on providing effective and easily perceivable symbols, compatible with human cognitive capabilities. Thus, the main purpose of the present study was to design and cognitively appraise 6 newly designed dynamic symbols, candidates for a new type of lane departure warning system.

Methods: Simplicity, familiarity, concreteness, meaningfulness, and semantic closeness were the major assessment criteria, defining cognitive features by the earlier researchers in the field. A total number of 187 driving license applicants, with a mean age of 20.58 years (SD = 3.20), participated in the present survey. The participants rated cognitive features of the 6 dynamic symbols along a 0–100 scale.

Results: Significant main effect of the element factor type of the designed symbols on rating cognitive features revealed that the existence of car element was the best predictor for illustrating lane departure. The interaction of both element factor and location of element factor significantly affected the ratings. However, the location of element factor did not solely have any strong effect on the ratings. The results also demonstrated that semantic closeness received the highest overall mean score across symbols (M = 61.80), especially within the symbols that include the car element (M = 75.67). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the average ratings of the cognitive features, despite the fact that a significant correlation was found between cognitive features.

Conclusion: The most considerable result of the current study was the match between the symbol with the highest ratings and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)-related icon in appearance. Because previous studies demonstrated a strong correlation between comprehension scores of the symbol and both semantic closeness and meaningfulness, high-level comprehensibility of the best ranked symbol is expected.     

废旧塑料处置地沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及其生态风险

为了解废旧塑料处置活动对区域水体的影响,采用气相质谱联用仪(GC-MS),对河北省某废旧塑料处置地沉积物中16种PAEs(phthalate esters,邻苯二甲酸酯)的污染特征和生态风险进行了研究. 结果表明:研究样地的w(∑₁₆PAEs)为0.527~102 μg/g, 平均值为18.9 μg/g,其中,DEHP〔邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯〕是PAEs最主要的污染单体,平均占w(∑PAEs)的66.6%. 对该处置地的污染物源分析表明,沉积物中PAEs主要来源于废旧塑料回收利用过程中的环境排放. 沉积物中w(DEHP)(14.2 μg/g)和w(DBP)(1.41 μg/g)(DBP为邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯)均超过各自环境风险限值(ERLs),w(DIBP)(DIBP为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯)超过了美国华盛顿州颁布的沉积物质量警戒限值(0.610 μg/g). 研究显示,沉积物中DBP对鱼类的生态风险及DEHP对藻类和鱼类的生态风险水平不可接受,应引起足够重视.      

基于信息量的ALI影像最佳波段选择及融合研究

分析了EO-1 ALI多光谱遥感影像各个波段的信息特征,根据信息量大小和波段间的相关性,联合偏度—峰度指数JSKF,提出针对ALI图像新的最佳波段组合方法。在最佳波段组合下对ALI多光谱数据与全色数据分别进行IHS、HPF、PCA和Wavelet变换融合,从信息量角度出发,按照定量指标对融合前后的遥感影像进行评价,并对融合前后影像进行分类应用。     

鄂西生态文化旅游产业集群发展研究

在分析鄂西生态文化旅游产业集群发展的效应和意义的基础上,提出了鄂西生态文化旅游产业集群发展所遵循的市场导向、规划指导、产业互动、择优扶强、注重创新和可持续发展的原则,重点发展以旅游中心城市为依托的旅游服务业集群、以核心吸引物为中心的综合旅游产业集群、以旅游景观廊道为依托的餐饮购物业集群、以特色村镇为依托的旅游文化产业集群、以生产基地为依托的旅游商品产业集群,需要在产业要素整合、龙头企业培育、公共服务提供、重点项目建设、产品结构优化、区域品牌建设等方面推进鄂西生态文化旅游产业集群发展.     

基于事故深度调查的城市交通事故特征分析

为探索适合我国的事故数据深度采集标准,并分析城市道路交通事故特征及致因,基于《道路交通事故深度调查信息采集表》(简称采集表),调查人员随交警赴事故现场随机详细调查87起城市道路交通事故。借鉴"Haddon Matrix"思想建立致因分析矩阵系统,分析事故的致因。发现采集表对事故地点、事故形态及原因项分类更加具体、明确,女性驾驶员的事故发生率略低于男性驾驶员,驾驶员年龄超过60岁后,发生事故的危险性显著提高,"交叉口影响区"事故50%由变更车道引起,非机动车驾驶员未戴安全头盔是造成严重伤害的重要原因。     

环己烷氧化废碱液的回收利用

介绍了一种从环己烷氧化废碱液中回收高价值有机酸的新方法。用氢氧化钠碱熔处理废碱液中的羟基己酸及其聚合物，可使废碱液中己二酸的质量分数由3．18％提高到8．74％，且环境效益和经济效益显著。     

江西煤矿建设项目安全设施"三同时"监察工作现状调查及建议

江西省煤矿企业依照法律、法规的规定,煤矿建设项目安全设施"三同时"监察工作逐步规范,取得了一定的成绩.但是,同时也存在一些不容忽视的问题,如一些建设项目擅自开工,无安全设施设计,不按设计开工等.本文认为法规体系不健全、施工监理单位缺乏是造成这些问题的主要原因.根据这些分析,提出了下一步工作的建议,认为主管部门应该高度重视煤矿建设项目工作,提高认识,加强管理,依法行政,严格按程序办事,做好安全监察工作,以而切实从源头上抓好煤矿安全生产工作.     

静电除尘在烧结机头烟尘治理中的应用

通过对安钢烧结机一、二期工程中烧结机头电除尘器结构性能和运行效果对比，结合安钢实际运行情况，分析了一期工程中电除尘器的运行存在的问题，重点对电除尘器的结构特点进行阐述，以提供一种适用于烧结机头烟尘治理的电除尘技术。     

灾害旅游资源探讨

灾害经济学中的害利互变原理表明，灾害也有“利”的一面。它在给人类造成巨大损失的同时，也塑造了奇异独特的灾害旅游资源，其开发利用效用是其他旅游资源无法代替的。本文系统阐述了灾害旅游资源的基本属性、特性、类型及可持续开发利用的设想，以便使灾害旅游资源可以发挥更大的社会和经济效益。     

ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES FOR FLOOD CONTROL CHANNELS1

ABSTRACT: The environmental effects of flood control channel modifications such as clearing and snagging, straightening, enlargement, and/or paving can be quite severe in some cases. Information review reveals that several environmental features have been incorporated into the design, construction, operation, or maintenance of recent flood control channel projects to avoid adverse environmental impacts and enhance environmental quality. Typically, these features have been proposed by conservation agencies and designed with minimal quantitative analysis. Environmental features for channel projects include selective clearing and snagging techniques, channel designs with nonuniform geometry such as single bank modification and floodways, restoration and enhancement of aquatic habitat, improved techniques for placement of excavated material, and revegetation.